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[Music]

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hi good morning

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I'm a little nervous wolf because I'm

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Brazilian so English is not my mother

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language and also because I'm talking

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about other philic in the Salt Lake City

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it's kind of funny yeah okay sorry and

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the title of this presentation is

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understanding the bio space large-scale

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survey sorry in classifications of

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aliphatic microorganisms my name is ana

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paula Cabo and I'm from the Institute of

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chemistry in University of Sao Paulo in

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Brazil so I'm trying to introduce why

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this I started doing this survey I'm

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doing my PhD now and in this topic in

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your sphere that is the studies like the

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interaction of microorganisms with the

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earth and I work and make my

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experimental part of the project that I

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try to do like I delay I'll offer a low

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files and ready to learn

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from Brazilian soil like a Martian

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analog but also I'm doing this I'm

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trying to understand more above the

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other files and haja tolerance

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throughout the Tree of Life and trying

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to understand what our tolerance is a

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whole and I mean what do you know about

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these organisms like big picture so this

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is the part I'm going to talk about and

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just started the role if you know what

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is my space so the definition is a set

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of physical chemists and chemical

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conditions in which I can thrive so you

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have like a lot of these extremes that

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lisette's told us to and you have life

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until the limit here in all these

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extremes in in the meso fire condition

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that is not X

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in any sense you have more diversity and

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you have like microorganisms and all the

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animals of plants on other stuff and in

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the borders here you have more

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microorganisms living and also is the

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less diversity this is very interesting

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for us or biology because we can we know

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the buyer space of Earth we know the

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labors of life an orphan that's what we

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do with thermo files and we can compare

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these by space with other planetary

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bodies and moons so it's a very powerful

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tool for finding good places to look for

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life in the universe so for that the

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itsumo files are very interesting

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because we define the limits of the

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buyer space I'm not talking about that

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because it will be too much again and

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again but I have a lot of conditions and

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we can see the limits of life and we can

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think of survival on other planets I'm

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talking specifically specifically about

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Allah files that are the stop loving

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organisms on earth the tribe oceans

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lakes seas like something rates up like

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soil deserts and food especially food

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we've the they use salt for conservation

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and that's kind of normal so here's the

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Dead Sea that is like one of the first

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environments hyper silent environments

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and also this joke ow I don't know if

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I'm talking speaking sprite but is a

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Korean food that have a lot of South

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it's a like seafood and they had like

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more than ten microorganisms aliphatic

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microorganisms isolated from this food

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but anything in the solar system

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you have also very interesting things

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like Mars

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you have brines and reached south reach

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soil so weaving

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our files will be interesting to look at

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they are very diverse our files are very

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diverse they are present all three

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branches of life I think it's really

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funny because it was the same image that

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was that presented in the warm not to

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warm up talk and I want to really

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emphasize that they are polyphyletic so

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it evolved independently many in many

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times through the tree of life and they

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are various different mechanisms for the

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resistance so I think it's I think he

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thinks it will be important later they'd

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like to highlight these because people

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always are safe but always think that

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archaea are the historical files and

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ikea RDL files all the elephant's

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archaea but let's not rule we have

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actually the most part of alle files

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that we'd have described it are bacteria

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and i'm gonna show some interesting

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so this is a three or five point like

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more to think and has another i think

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it's very interesting information in

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here because you see that okay and

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archaea the in bacteria here but

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actually we know that this branch is

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almost as big as bacteria but we don't

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know as much as Archaean apparent as we

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know bacteria so this is a great bias in

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our data so again just to remember there

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is a classification for the other files

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depending on the salt concentration

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there is the tolerance they leave less

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than 0.2 molar and that's like moderate

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and extreme this was proposed like i

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think in the nineties when i'm not sure

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and ever since people are using this

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classification so the large-scale survey

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that I did was look for Allah files in

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the literature I searched for Allah

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philic in the International micro

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microbiology Society website and look

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for the papers that they had about that

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so I'm starting and not finished yet

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with the survey because I have to read

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all the papers to see the optimum growth

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and all those things so a lot of work I

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kind of starting my PhD so I had 3m 391

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papers and the information for all the

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threads are going to do they're going to

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be like fifties so I found on a some

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problems many papers they call the

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organisms out of files but they don't

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describe the the South concentration

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like they use total sows or cysts out

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and not and yes in HCL and there are

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many with incomplete description like

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they have the optimum but now the

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survival range or things like that so

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well of these we have for the optimum

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growth they have just three three three

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hundred thirty and for the survival

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so here is the histogram of all this

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information as you see we have three

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very distinct peaks with the three

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domains which is very interesting I

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think because they are really separated

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only here they archaea that have a

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little peak here but the other ones like

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just one one little range of salt that

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they do there are no growth at least in

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the literature so here you see they

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archaea that everyone thinks they are

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extremophiles and gravely Alafia yeah

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they are here in high salt

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concentrations but we see I think it's

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very interesting that the bacteria they

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are the optimum growth of them in like

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it appears more to the left here so it's

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lower self concentration than the okay

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idea other fires it's not what we use of

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the things because we don't actually

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look for much Alafaya dakari oats so

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kind of weird I don't know I thought it

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was very strange and here are the lines

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that are the concentrations for the

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classification I just said so here would

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be the slide moderate and extreme and I

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love files and with these see like most

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bacteria would be like slightly

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elephants and most archaea yolk area

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would be moderate Alafia and most

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archaea would be extreme Iowa files but

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we know that's not actually true

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we have much bacteria living in hyper

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selling environments so maybe it's a

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bias on what we are calling as a feeling

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bacteria or care what we are calling

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what we're you we are looking for

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bacteria or archaea so I think all the

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other feel like okay it's a moderate I

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don't know it's it's weird because he's

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here's a microalgae and it's study as a

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model organism for extremely Alafaya but

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it comes here in this classification as

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a moderate but I don't know I think it's

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I always I think it's really

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inconsistent the the information is

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inconsistent so I did the same thing

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with the survival range and obviously

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the

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concentration so if we compare that in a

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box what we see the its we couldn't

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compare this yeah okay the survival

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range is wider than the optimal growth

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that's expected and you know here see

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very clearly that in the the optimum

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growth in the survival range the Archaea

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are very high concentrations and back to

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your very low so some things I want to

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discuss is the historical bias of that

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because we have known bacteria for a lot

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of the time like and I hear not that

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much

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so the first contact was a hundred years

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later then with the first bacteria but

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we just started thinking of archaea as a

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different group from bacteria at last

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century so it's almost yesterday and the

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separation between these domains was

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with booze in the 90s so it's literally

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yesterday for the biology and so we

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studied much you said much bacteria and

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we know so much about them they living

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them as pathogens we are always using

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them and we know how to cultivate them

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and we don't in you know so you know of

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about archaea and we don't know how to

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cultivate them it's much more difficult

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to cultivate them we don't have the lab

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techniques we just don't know about that

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we can't deal with them so I think this

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is important historical bias for that

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information that we have about our files

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and another thing that is I think it's

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very much important like

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almost most unreasonable I think my

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hypothesis that people look for external

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fire Arceus because the first archaea

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discovered as I reckon archaea birthday

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was discovered in Yellowstone as a hyper

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terrified

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so since them since then we only search

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for IKEA in extremophiles environments

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so now we know that our tears are also

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in other places like in as a file and

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our stomach you know the places that we

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know that bacteria are but we just don't

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look for them in this places and this is

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twisting the the form we look to the bio

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space to signa form we know we are

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studying the alle files and not only the

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alibis I think this is the data I have

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but I think this goes on for a set of

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philic microorganisms and I don't know

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maybe even

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hyperthermophiles or by some secret

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files so we have to be very careful when

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what we are looking for and not to be

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like prejudiced about archaea or

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bacteria and actually see what's going

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on there and try to learn more about

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that here to know how to treat them and

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how to cultivate them so the

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consequences I think it's it's very

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disturbing for me I don't know if we

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have so much information about all of us

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as I think we have and how this

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information is biased information are

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twisting the limits of life are we

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losing some some more extremophiles

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limits of extremophiles are the limits

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are the boundaries of the bio space are

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further away and we just don't know

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because we are looking wrong word

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looking for the wrong microorganisms and

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we just don't see it and how these bias

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changes the understanding that we have

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about the life as a process because we

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have this prejudice in this we can twist

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a twist I see life as a whole and this

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is very disturbing for me and how this

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impacted is search of life on other

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planets also because of the bias pays

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the the awkward's BioSpace that have now

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so I don't know for me it's there this

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disturb me so that's it I'd like to

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thank you my uber thorium the University

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all the funding and Patience's and I

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thought just out of curiosity earlier

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relatively common salts like calcium

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sulfate usually that's interesting yeah

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some would definitely probably have more

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yeah yeah yeah actually these other

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salts usually appear just on archaea

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that's interesting as well not in

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bacteria and only recently the most

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recent papers not ancient one thank you

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great talk I was wondering if you could

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comment a bit on the different

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distributions

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you carry a bacteria why bacteria seem

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just it's so much yeah no sorry

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um why's bacteria like span the whole

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range and yeah because if you i feel go

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here in the box but you see that we have

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bacteria really high we know there are

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extremely other files bacteria living in

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like salt rocks with very low water

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activity so we know that bacteria can

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grow in all the environments that i've

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kyoto and grow like everyone that

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studies my files know the aloe archaea

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group but they back tears can leave just

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in the same environment but we look for

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bacteria in less south because because

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we look for bacteria near of us when we

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don't look for a cure of us we just look

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for a cure in extreme environments so I

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think this engagement here is actually

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because we were missing their key is

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here not because they are not bacterias

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here as well so you think it's the whole

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distribution you see is just a selection

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hey thank you for inspiring us all to

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read more Patriots I just carry since

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you did such an extensive literature

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here did you come across this kind of

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off-the-wall questions but like viruses

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predation on the bacteria or the

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halophiles in general I dunno that's

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thanks what are their like viruses

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present these extreme salty environments

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as well yeah I didn't look for it

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I asked you thank you oh this is a

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question more so as a comment okay um

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but so I also do some hella philic

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research on the Bonneville Salt Flats

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which is not the Great Salt Lake but

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sort of kind of tied in there with the

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Great Salt Lake a little bit because

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they're in a similar area but thought it

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was really interesting that you know

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that everybody always focuses on the

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hill archaea cuz you know you like who's

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writing my paper and yeah there's a ton

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mention about the hell are ya but one of

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the interesting things is they're all

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heterotrophic so like they have to be

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having somebody else making their food

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yeah and that's usually this algae I

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think that you mentioned is Joann Ellis

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oh yeah years that are a little files so

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yeah it's very interesting yeah and so I

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just yeah I really liked that you kind

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of like highlighted that the bacteria

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are really important in these ecosystems

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and that they're there I also noted in

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my own sort of I don't know if is your

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literature review that a lot of the

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sequencing methods for these things they

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just did like a really baseline 16s

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sequencing and it wasn't really deep

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enough to capture a good spread of the

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communities so I think you're absolutely

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right that we are missing a lot of these

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out there and even the sequencing we are

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much better as sequencing bacteria than

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we are referre Kea so probably we are

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missing much more they are keying this

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not so so so good sequencing

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environments or sequencing then we are

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missing bacteria so yeah I think it's

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okay if there are no further questions